背景

centos7 在某一段时间监控报警磁盘使用率达99%，由于监控属于概要形式信息，没有快照信息的监控（能发现某进程的I/O，CPU消耗情况），所以需要在服务器上去定时执行统计命令获取快照信息。需要通过iostat -dx -k去查看avgqu-sz、await、svctm、%util；sar -u查看%iowait、%user；pidstat -d 查看进程I/O读写的快照信息

(资料图片)

步骤

生成统计信息文件

cat>/tmp/at_task.sh</tmp/pidstat_\`date +%F_%T\`.log 2>& 1 &sar -u 2  >/tmp/sar_\`date +%F_%T\`.log 2>& 1 &while [ 1 ];do echo -n \`date +%T\` >>/tmp/iostat_\`date +%F\` 2>& 1  && iostat -dx -k 1 1 >>/tmp/iostat_\`date +%F\` 2>& 1; sleep 2; done &EOF

在while循环中使用iostat的原因是要输出​​date +%T​​时间，不然只有数据，没有时间信息也没有什么用

使用at 命令定时执行

at 15:14 today -f /tmp/at_task.sh

出现错误

Can"t open /var/run/atd.pid to signal atd. No atd running?

重启atd服务

service atd restart

重新开启at定时任务

at 15:14 today -f /tmp/at_task.shjob 2 at Wed Mar 13 15:14:00 2019

得到如下快照信息iostat

15:13:35Linux 3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64 (ip-xxxxx)     03/13/2019      _x86_64_        (4 CPU)Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s     r/s     w/s    rkB/s    wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await r_await w_await  svctm  %utilvda               0.12     0.07   17.31   19.41   580.79    90.52    36.57     0.09    2.39    4.42    0.57   0.72   2.63scd0              0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00     0.00     0.00     6.00     0.00    0.28    0.28    0.00   0.25   0.00

sar

03:14:00 PM     CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait    %steal     %idle03:14:02 PM     all      0.25      0.00      0.38      0.00      0.00     99.3703:14:04 PM     all      1.25      0.13      0.63      0.00      0.00     97.9903:14:06 PM     all      0.25      0.13      0.50      0.00      0.00     99.1203:14:08 PM     all      0.50      0.00      0.50      0.63      0.00     98.37

pidstat

03:14:00 PM   UID       PID   kB_rd/s   kB_wr/s kB_ccwr/s  Command03:14:02 PM  5700      9089      0.00      6.00      0.00  uxxx03:14:02 PM  5700      9140      0.00      6.00      0.00  uxxx03:14:02 PM  5700      9292      0.00     10.00      0.00  uxxx03:14:02 PM     0     18084      0.00      2.00      0.00  bash

kill 掉收集信息的命令

ps -ef | egrep "iostat|sar|pidstat|while" | grep -v grep | awk "{print $2}" | xargs -l kill

但ps -ef | egrep 命令没有获取到while循环的pid，不kill掉该while循环，就会一直对/tmp/iostat_2019-03-13写数据-_-

通过lsof 没有定位到打开文件的进程

lsof /tmp/iostat_2019-03-13 [root@ip-10-186-60-117 ~]#[root@ip-10-186-60-117 ~]#

通过lsof 可以定位到打开mysql-error.log的进程

lsof /opt/mysql/data/5690/mysql-error.log COMMAND   PID                USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF     NODE NAMEmysqld  12858 actiontech-universe    1w   REG  253,1     6345 20083533 /opt/mysql/data/5690/mysql-error.logmysqld  12858 actiontech-universe    2w   REG  253,1     6345 20083533 /opt/mysql/data/5690/mysql-error.log

可见，某进程只有一只持有某文件的inode，才可以通过lsof查看文件在被那些进程使用

获取写文件的进程号

安装sysemtap

yum -y install systemtap

SystemTap 是对 Linux 内核监控和跟踪的工具利用systemtap中的inodewatch.stp工具来查找写文件的进程号

得到文件的inode

stat -c "%i" /tmp/iostat_2019-03-13 4210339

获取文件所在设备的major，minor

ls -al /dev/vda1brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 1 Jan 30 13:57 /dev/vda1

得到写文件的pid

stap /usr/share/systemtap/examples/io/inodewatch.stp 253 1  4210339Checking "/lib/modules/3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64/build/.config" failed with error: No such file or directoryIncorrect version or missing kernel-devel package, use: yum install kernel-devel-3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64

根据系统内核版本在kernel-devel rpm build for :ScientificLinux7网站上下载相应的kernal-devel包

wget ftp://ftp.pbone.net/mirror/ftp.scientificlinux.org/linux/scientific/7.2/x86_64/updates/security/kernel-devel-3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh kernel-devel-3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64.rpm

再次执行stap

stap /usr/share/systemtap/examples/io/inodewatch.stp 253 1 4210339......Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install kernel-3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64Pass 2: analysis failed. [man error::pass2]Number of similar error messages suppressed: 2.

安装debuginfo kernal

debuginfo-install kernel-3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64  Verifying  : kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64-3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64                        1/3   Verifying  : yum-plugin-auto-update-debug-info-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch                           2/3   Verifying  : kernel-debuginfo-3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64                                      3/3 Installed:  kernel-debuginfo.x86_64 0:3.10.0-862.14.4.el7  yum-plugin-auto-update-debug-info.noarch 0:1.1.31-50.el7Dependency Installed:  kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64.x86_64 0:3.10.0-862.14.4.el7

再次执行stap

stap /usr/share/systemtap/examples/io/inodewatch.stp 253 1  4210339ERROR: module version mismatch (#1 SMP Tue Sep 25 14:32:52 CDT 2018 vs #1 SMP Wed Sep 26 15:12:11 UTC 2018), release 3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64WARNING: /usr/bin/staprun exited with status: 1

添加 -v查看详细报错stap -v  /usr/share/systemtap/examples/io/inodewatch.stp 253 1  4210339Pass 1: parsed user script and 471 library scripts using 240276virt/41896res/3368shr/38600data kb, in 300usr/20sys/320real ms.Pass 2: analyzed script: 2 probes, 12 functions, 8 embeds, 0 globals using 399436virt/196284res/4744shr/197760data kb, in 1540usr/560sys/2106real ms.Pass 3: using cached /root/.systemtap/cache/f5/stap_f5c0cd780e8a2cac973c9e3ee69fba0c_7030.cPass 4: using cached /root/.systemtap/cache/f5/stap_f5c0cd780e8a2cac973c9e3ee69fba0c_7030.koPass 5: starting run.ERROR: module version mismatch (#1 SMP Tue Sep 25 14:32:52 CDT 2018 vs #1 SMP Wed Sep 26 15:12:11 UTC 2018), release 3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64WARNING: /usr/bin/staprun exited with status: 1Pass 5: run completed in 0usr/10sys/38real ms.Pass 5: run failed.  [man error::pass5]

修改

vim /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64/include/generated/compile.h#define UTS_VERSION "#1 SMP Tue Sep 25 14:32:52 CDT 2018"改为#define UTS_VERSION "#1 SMP Wed Sep 26 15:12:11 UTC 2018"rm -rf  /root/.systemtap/cache/f5/stap_f5c0cd780e8a2cac973c9e3ee69fba0c_7030*

再次执行

stap /usr/share/systemtap/examples/io/inodewatch.stp 253 1 4210339

iostat(4671) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4671) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4671) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4671) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4671) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4671) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4671) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4671) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4671) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4671) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4677) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4677) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4677) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4677) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4677) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4677) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4677) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4677) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4677) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4677) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339iostat(4683) vfs_write 0xfd00001/4210339............

可见已经得到了写/tmp/iostat_​​date +%F​​​文件的进程号，但进程号一直在打印出来，因为后台进程iostat -dx -m 的在while循环中的，每隔sleep 2s 后就会执行一次iostat 产生新的pid。那要怎样才能让iostat -dx -m 停止写/tmp/iostat_​​date +%F​​​文件了？除了重启大法好 $_$

rm -rf 也不能终止后台的while iostat进程写文件，删除了文件后，while循环又会生成新的文件

rm -rf  /tmp/iostat_2019-03-1*stat /tmp/iostat_2019-03-1*  File: ‘/tmp/iostat_2019-03-13’  Size: 146700      Blocks: 512        IO Block: 4096   regular fileDevice: fd01h/64769d  Inode: 4210339     Links: 1Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)Access: 2019-03-14 16:07:26.211888899 +0800Modify: 2019-03-14 16:18:17.854019793 +0800Change: 2019-03-14 16:18:17.854019793 +0800

正确做法

cat>/tmp/iostat.sh<>/tmp/iostat_\`date +%F\` 2>& 1  && iostat -dx -m 1 1 >>/tmp/iostat_\`date +%F\` 2>& 1; sleep 2; done &EOFat  now + 1 minute  todaybash /tmp/iostat.sh#这样就能方便的获取到进程号pid了ps -ef | grep iostatroot      8593     1  0 16:16 pts/2    00:00:00 bash /tmp/iostat.sh

关键词： 就会一直 收集信息 打开文件 有什么用 的原因是