Android 系统 Bar 沉浸式完美兼容方案 <a href="https://www.51cto.com/original.html" target="_blank" class="article-type" data-v-0fd1c811>原创</a>
2022-03-16 15:50:11来源:51CTO.com
自 Android 5.0 版本,Android 带来了沉浸式系统 bar(状态栏和导航栏),Android 的视觉效果进一步提高,各大 app 厂商也在大多数场景上使用沉浸式效果。但由于 Android 碎片化比较严重,每个版本的系统 bar 效果可能会有所差异,导致开发者往往需要进行兼容适配。为了简化系统 bar 沉浸式的使用,以及统一机型、版本差异所造成的效果差异,本文将介绍系统 bar 的组成以及沉浸式适配方案。
背景问题一:沉浸式下无法设置背景色对于大于等于 Android 5.0 版本的系统,在 Activity 的 onCreate 时,通过给 window 设置属性:
window.addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS)window.addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION)
即可开启沉浸式系统 bar,效果如下:
Android 5.0 沉浸式状态栏
Android 5.0 沉浸式导航栏
但是设置沉浸式之后,原来通过 window.statusBarColor 和 window.statusBarColor 设置的颜色也不可用,也就是说不支持自定义半透明系统 bar 的颜色。
问题二:无法全透明导航栏系统默认的状态栏和导航栏都有一个半透明的蒙层,虽然不支持设置颜色,但通过设置以下代码,可让状态栏变为全透明:
window.clearFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS)window.decorView.systemUiVisibility = (View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_FULLSCREEN or View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE)window.addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DRAWS_SYSTEM_BAR_BACKGROUNDS)window.statusBarColor = Color.TRANSPARENT
效果如下:
Android 10.0 沉浸式全透明状态栏
通过类似的方式尝试将导航栏设置为全透明:
window.clearFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION)window.decorView.systemUiVisibility = (View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_FULLSCREEN or View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE or View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_HIDE_NAVIGATION)window.addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DRAWS_SYSTEM_BAR_BACKGROUNDS)window.navigationBarColor = Color.TRANSPARENT
但发现导航栏半透明背景依然无法去掉:
问题三:亮色系统 bar 版本差异对于大于等于 Android 6.0 版本的系统,如果背景是浅色的,可通过设置状态栏和导航栏文字颜色为深色,也就是导航栏和状态栏为浅色(只有 Android 8.0 及以上才支持导航栏文字颜色修改):
window.decorView.systemUiVisibility = View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE or View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LIGHT_STATUS_BARwindow.decorView.systemUiVisibility = window.decorView.systemUiVisibility or if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LIGHT_NAVIGATION_BAR else 0
效果如下:
Android 8.0 亮色状态栏
Android 8.0 亮色导航栏
但是在亮色系统 bar 基础上开启沉浸式后,在 8.0 至 9.0 系统中,导航栏深色导航 icon 不生效,而 10.0 以上版本能显示深色导航 icon:
Android 8.0 亮色沉浸式亮色导航栏
Android 10.0 亮色沉浸式亮色导航栏
问题分析问题一:沉浸式下无法设置背景色查看源码发现设置状态栏和导航栏背景颜色时,是不能为沉浸式的:
问题二:无法全透明导航栏当设置导航栏为透明色(Color.TRANSPARENT)时,导航栏会变成半透明,当设置其他颜色,则是正常的,例如设置颜色为 0x700F7FFF,显示效果如下:
Android 10.0 沉浸式导航栏
为什么会出现这个情况呢,通过调试进入源码,发现 activity 的 onApplyThemeResource 方法中有一个逻辑:
// Get the primary color and update the TaskDescription for this activityTypedArray a = theme.obtainStyledAttributes( com.android.internal.R.styleable.ActivityTaskDescription);if (mTaskDescription.getPrimaryColor() == 0) { int colorPrimary = a.getColor( com.android.internal.R.styleable.ActivityTaskDescription_colorPrimary, 0); if (colorPrimary != 0 && Color.alpha(colorPrimary) == 0xFF) { mTaskDescription.setPrimaryColor(colorPrimary); }}
也就是说如果设置的导航栏颜色为 0(纯透明)时,将会为其修改为内置的颜色:ActivityTaskDescription_colorPrimary,因此就会出现灰色蒙层效果。
问题三:亮色系统 bar 版本差异通过查看源码发现,与设置状态栏和导航栏背景颜色类似,设置导航栏 icon 颜色也是不能为沉浸式:
解决沉浸式兼容性问题对于问题二无法全透明导航栏,由上述问题分析中的代码可以看出,当且仅当设置的导航栏颜色为纯透明时(0),才会置换为半透明的蒙层。那么,我们可以将纯透明这种情况修改颜色为 0x01000000,这样也能达到接近纯透明的效果:
对于问题一,难以通过常规方式进行沉浸式下的系统 bar 背景颜色设置。而对于问题三,通过常规方式需要分别对各个版本进行适配,对于国内手机来说,适配难度更大。
为了解决兼容性问题,以及更好的管理状态栏和导航栏,我们是否能自己实现状态栏和导航栏的背景 View 呢?
通过 Layout Inspector 可以看出,导航栏和状态栏本质上也是一个 view:
在 activity 创建的时候,会创建两个 view(navigationBarBackground 和 statusBarBackground),将其加到 decorView 中,从而可以控制状态栏的颜色。那么,是否能把系统的这两个 view 隐藏起来,替换成自定义的 view 呢?
因此,为了提高兼容性,以及更好的管理状态栏和导航栏,我们可以将系统的 navigationBarBackground 和 statusBarBackground 隐藏起来,替换成自定义的 view,而不再通过 FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS 和 FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION 来设置。
实现沉浸式状态栏添加自定义的状态栏。通过创建一个 view ,让其高度等于状态栏的高度,并将其添加到 decorView 中:
View(window.context).apply {id = R.id.status_bar_view val params = FrameLayout.LayoutParams(FrameLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, statusHeight) params.gravity = Gravity.TOP layoutParams = params (window.decorView as ViewGroup).addView(this)}
隐藏系统的状态栏。由于 activity 在 onCreate 时,并没有创建状态栏的 view(statusBarBackground),因此无法直接将其隐藏。这里可以通过对 decorView 添加 OnHierarchyChangeListener 监听来捕获到 statusBarBackground:
(window.decorView as ViewGroup).setOnHierarchyChangeListener(object : ViewGroup.OnHierarchyChangeListener { override fun onChildViewAdded(parent: View?, child: View?) { if (child?.id == android.R.id.statusBarBackground) { child.scaleX = 0f } } override fun onChildViewRemoved(parent: View?, child: View?) { }})
注意:这里将 child 的 scaleX 设为 0 即可将其隐藏起来,那么为什么不能设置 visibility 为 GONE 呢?这是因为后续在应用主题时(onApplyThemeResource),系统会将 visibility 又重新设置为 VISIBLE。
隐藏之后,半透明的状态栏不显示,但是顶部会出现空白:
通过 Layout Inspector 发现,decorView 的第一个元素(内容 view )会存在一个 padding:
因此,可以通过设置 paddingTop 为 0 将其去除:
val view = (window.decorView as ViewGroup).getChildAt(0)view.addOnLayoutChangeListener { v, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _ -> if (view.paddingTop > 0) { view.setPadding(0, 0, 0, view.paddingBottom) val content = findViewById(android.R.id.content) content.requestLayout() }}
注意:这里需要监听 view 的 layout 变化,否则只有一开始设置则后面又被修改了。
实现沉浸式导航栏导航栏的自定义与状态栏类似,不过会存在一些差异。先创建一个自定义 view 将其添加到 decorView 中,然后把原来系统的 navigationBarBackground 隐藏:
window.decorView.findViewById(R.id.navigation_bar_view) ?: View(window.context).apply {id = R.id.navigation_bar_view val resourceId = resources.getIdentifier( navigation_bar_height , dimen , android ) val navigationBarHeight = if (resourceId > 0) resources.getDimensionPixelSize(resourceId) else 0 val params = FrameLayout.LayoutParams(FrameLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, navigationBarHeight) params.gravity = Gravity.BOTTOM layoutParams = params (window.decorView as ViewGroup).addView(this) (window.decorView as ViewGroup).setOnHierarchyChangeListener(object : ViewGroup.OnHierarchyChangeListener { override fun onChildViewAdded(parent: View?, child: View?) { if (child?.id == android.R.id.navigationBarBackground) { child.scaleX = 0f } else if (child?.id == android.R.id.statusBarBackground) { child.scaleX = 0f } } override fun onChildViewRemoved(parent: View?, child: View?) { } })}
注意:这里 onChildViewAdded 方法中,因为只能设置一次 OnHierarchyChangeListener ,需要同时考虑状态栏和导航栏。
通过这个方式,能将导航栏替换为自定义的 view ,但是存在一个问题,由于 navigationBarHeight 是固定的,如果用户切换了导航栏的样式,再回到 app 时,导航栏的高度不会重新调整。为了让导航栏看的清楚,设置其颜色为 0x7F00FF7F:
从图中可以看出,导航栏切换之后高度没有发生变化。为了解决这个问题,需要通过对 navigationBarBackground 设置 OnLayoutChangeListener 来监听导航栏高度的变化,并通过 liveData 关联到 view 中,代码实现如下:
val heightLiveData = MutableLiveData()heightLiveData.value = 0window.decorView.setTag(R.id.navigation_height_live_data, heightLiveData)val navigationBarView = window.decorView.findViewById(R.id.navigation_bar_view) ?: View(window.context).apply { id = R.id.navigation_bar_view val params = FrameLayout.LayoutParams(FrameLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, heightLiveData.value ?: 0) params.gravity = Gravity.BOTTOM layoutParams = params (window.decorView as ViewGroup).addView(this) if (this@immersiveNavigationBar is FragmentActivity) { heightLiveData.observe(this@immersiveNavigationBar) { val lp = layoutParams lp.height = heightLiveData.value ?: 0 layoutParams = lp } } (window.decorView as ViewGroup).setOnHierarchyChangeListener(object : ViewGroup.OnHierarchyChangeListener { override fun onChildViewAdded(parent: View?, child: View?) { if (child?.id == android.R.id.navigationBarBackground) { child.scaleX = 0f child.addOnLayoutChangeListener { _, _, top, _, bottom, _, _, _, _ -> heightLiveData.value = bottom - top } } else if (child?.id == android.R.id.statusBarBackground) { child.scaleX = 0f } } override fun onChildViewRemoved(parent: View?, child: View?) { } })}
通过上面方式,可以解决切换导航栏样式后自定义的导航栏高度问题:
完整代码@file:Suppress("DEPRECATION")package com.bytedance.heycan.systembar.activityimport android.app.Activityimport android.graphics.Colorimport android.os.Buildimport android.util.Sizeimport android.view.Gravityimport android.view.Viewimport android.view.ViewGroupimport android.view.WindowManagerimport android.widget.FrameLayoutimport androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivityimport androidx.lifecycle.LiveDataimport androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveDataimport com.bytedance.heycan.systembar.R/** * Created by dengchunguo on 2021/4/25 */fun Activity.setLightStatusBar(isLightingColor: Boolean) { val window = this.window if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { if (isLightingColor) { window.decorView.systemUiVisibility = View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE or View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LIGHT_STATUS_BAR } else { window.decorView.systemUiVisibility = View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE } }}fun Activity.setLightNavigationBar(isLightingColor: Boolean) { val window = this.window if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M && isLightingColor) { window.decorView.systemUiVisibility = window.decorView.systemUiVisibility or if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LIGHT_NAVIGATION_BAR else 0 }}/** * 必须在Activity的onCreate时调用 */fun Activity.immersiveStatusBar() { val view = (window.decorView as ViewGroup).getChildAt(0) view.addOnLayoutChangeListener { v, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _ -> val lp = view.layoutParams as FrameLayout.LayoutParams if (lp.topMargin > 0) { lp.topMargin = 0 v.layoutParams = lp } if (view.paddingTop > 0) { view.setPadding(0, 0, 0, view.paddingBottom) val content = findViewById扩展对话框适配(android.R.id.content) content.requestLayout() } } val content = findViewById (android.R.id.content) content.setPadding(0, 0, 0, content.paddingBottom) window.decorView.findViewById(R.id.status_bar_view) ?: View(window.context).apply { id = R.id.status_bar_view val params = FrameLayout.LayoutParams(FrameLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, statusHeight) params.gravity = Gravity.TOP layoutParams = params (window.decorView as ViewGroup).addView(this) (window.decorView as ViewGroup).setOnHierarchyChangeListener(object : ViewGroup.OnHierarchyChangeListener { override fun onChildViewAdded(parent: View?, child: View?) { if (child?.id == android.R.id.statusBarBackground) { child.scaleX = 0f } } override fun onChildViewRemoved(parent: View?, child: View?) { } }) } setStatusBarColor(Color.TRANSPARENT)}/** * 必须在Activity的onCreate时调用 */fun Activity.immersiveNavigationBar(callback: (() -> Unit)? = null) { val view = (window.decorView as ViewGroup).getChildAt(0) view.addOnLayoutChangeListener { v, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _ -> val lp = view.layoutParams as FrameLayout.LayoutParams if (lp.bottomMargin > 0) { lp.bottomMargin = 0 v.layoutParams = lp } if (view.paddingBottom > 0) { view.setPadding(0, view.paddingTop, 0, 0) val content = findViewById (android.R.id.content) content.requestLayout() } } val content = findViewById (android.R.id.content) content.setPadding(0, content.paddingTop, 0, -1) val heightLiveData = MutableLiveData () heightLiveData.value = 0 window.decorView.setTag(R.id.navigation_height_live_data, heightLiveData) callback?.invoke() window.decorView.findViewById(R.id.navigation_bar_view) ?: View(window.context).apply { id = R.id.navigation_bar_view val params = FrameLayout.LayoutParams(FrameLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, heightLiveData.value ?: 0) params.gravity = Gravity.BOTTOM layoutParams = params (window.decorView as ViewGroup).addView(this) if (this@immersiveNavigationBar is FragmentActivity) { heightLiveData.observe(this@immersiveNavigationBar) { val lp = layoutParams lp.height = heightLiveData.value ?: 0 layoutParams = lp } } (window.decorView as ViewGroup).setOnHierarchyChangeListener(object : ViewGroup.OnHierarchyChangeListener { override fun onChildViewAdded(parent: View?, child: View?) { if (child?.id == android.R.id.navigationBarBackground) { child.scaleX = 0f bringToFront() child.addOnLayoutChangeListener { _, _, top, _, bottom, _, _, _, _ -> heightLiveData.value = bottom - top } } else if (child?.id == android.R.id.statusBarBackground) { child.scaleX = 0f } } override fun onChildViewRemoved(parent: View?, child: View?) { } }) } setNavigationBarColor(Color.TRANSPARENT)}/** * 当设置了immersiveStatusBar时,如需使用状态栏,可调佣该函数 */fun Activity.fitStatusBar(fit: Boolean) { val content = findViewById (android.R.id.content) if (fit) { content.setPadding(0, statusHeight, 0, content.paddingBottom) } else { content.setPadding(0, 0, 0, content.paddingBottom) }}fun Activity.fitNavigationBar(fit: Boolean) { val content = findViewById (android.R.id.content) if (fit) { content.setPadding(0, content.paddingTop, 0, navigationBarHeightLiveData.value ?: 0) } else { content.setPadding(0, content.paddingTop, 0, -1) } if (this is FragmentActivity) { navigationBarHeightLiveData.observe(this) { if (content.paddingBottom != -1) { content.setPadding(0, content.paddingTop, 0, it) } } }}val Activity.isImmersiveNavigationBar: Boolean get() = window.attributes.flags and WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION != 0val Activity.statusHeight: Int get() { val resourceId = resources.getIdentifier("status_bar_height", "dimen", "android") if (resourceId > 0) { return resources.getDimensionPixelSize(resourceId) } return 0 }val Activity.navigationHeight: Int get() { return navigationBarHeightLiveData.value ?: 0 }val Activity.screenSize: Size get() { return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) { Size(windowManager.currentWindowMetrics.bounds.width(), windowManager.currentWindowMetrics.bounds.height()) } else { Size(windowManager.defaultDisplay.width, windowManager.defaultDisplay.height) } }fun Activity.setStatusBarColor(color: Int) { val statusBarView = window.decorView.findViewById (R.id.status_bar_view) if (color == 0 && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { statusBarView?.setBackgroundColor(STATUS_BAR_MASK_COLOR) } else { statusBarView?.setBackgroundColor(color) }}fun Activity.setNavigationBarColor(color: Int) { val navigationBarView = window.decorView.findViewById (R.id.navigation_bar_view) if (color == 0 && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { navigationBarView?.setBackgroundColor(STATUS_BAR_MASK_COLOR) } else { navigationBarView?.setBackgroundColor(color) }}@Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")val Activity.navigationBarHeightLiveData: LiveData get() { var liveData = window.decorView.getTag(R.id.navigation_height_live_data) as? LiveData if (liveData == null) { liveData = MutableLiveData() window.decorView.setTag(R.id.navigation_height_live_data, liveData) } return liveData }val Activity.screenWidth: Int get() = screenSize.widthval Activity.screenHeight: Int get() = screenSize.heightprivate const val STATUS_BAR_MASK_COLOR = 0x7F000000
有时候需要通过 Dialog 来显示一个提示对话框、loading 对话框等,当显示一个对话框时,即使设置了 activity 为深色状态栏和导航栏文字颜色,这时候状态栏和导航栏的文字颜色又变成白色,如下所示:
这是因为对 activity 设置的状态栏和导航栏颜色是作用 于 activity 的 window,而 dialog 和 activity 不是同一个 window,因此 dialog 也需要单独设置。
完整代码@file:Suppress( DEPRECATION )package com.bytedance.heycan.systembar.dialogimport android.app.Dialogimport android.os.Buildimport android.view.Viewimport android.view.ViewGroup/** * Created by dengchunguo on 2021/4/25 */fun Dialog.setLightStatusBar(isLightingColor: Boolean) { val window = this.window ?: return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { if (isLightingColor) { window.decorView.systemUiVisibility = View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE or View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LIGHT_STATUS_BAR } else { window.decorView.systemUiVisibility = View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE } }}fun Dialog.setLightNavigationBar(isLightingColor: Boolean) { val window = this.window ?: return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M && isLightingColor) { window.decorView.systemUiVisibility = window.decorView.systemUiVisibility or if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LIGHT_NAVIGATION_BAR else 0 }}fun Dialog.immersiveStatusBar() { val window = this.window ?: return (window.decorView as ViewGroup).setOnHierarchyChangeListener(object : ViewGroup.OnHierarchyChangeListener { override fun onChildViewAdded(parent: View?, child: View?) { if (child?.id == android.R.id.statusBarBackground) { child.scaleX = 0f } } override fun onChildViewRemoved(parent: View?, child: View?) { } })}fun Dialog.immersiveNavigationBar() { val window = this.window ?: return (window.decorView as ViewGroup).setOnHierarchyChangeListener(object : ViewGroup.OnHierarchyChangeListener { override fun onChildViewAdded(parent: View?, child: View?) { if (child?.id == android.R.id.navigationBarBackground) { child.scaleX = 0f } else if (child?.id == android.R.id.statusBarBackground) { child.scaleX = 0f } } override fun onChildViewRemoved(parent: View?, child: View?) { } })}
效果如下:
快速使用Activity 沉浸式immersiveStatusBar() // 沉浸式状态栏immersiveNavigationBar() // 沉浸式导航栏setLightStatusBar(true) // 设置浅色状态栏背景(文字为深色)setLightNavigationBar(true) // 设置浅色导航栏背景(文字为深色)setStatusBarColor(color) // 设置状态栏背景色setNavigationBarColor(color) // 设置导航栏背景色navigationBarHeightLiveData.observe(this) { // 监听导航栏高度变化}Dialog 沉浸式
val dialog = Dialog(this, R.style.Heycan_SampleDialog)dialog.setContentView(R.layout.dialog_loading)dialog.immersiveStatusBar()dialog.immersiveNavigationBar()dialog.setLightStatusBar(true)dialog.setLightNavigationBar(true)dialog.show()
可实现与 iOS 类似的页面沉浸式导航条效果: